Sites of Conscience - A História é AGORA !

From PAST to PRESENT- From MEMORY to ACTION 

Para que serve a Memória da História? 

Os cerca de 200 Sítios de Consciência olham para o passado, mas servem o futuro.  JUNTE-SE a este movimento HOJE, pois juntos lembramos ao mundo que justiça, igualdade e direitos humanos para todos não são negociáveis, trabalhando para transformar a memória do passado em ação no presente. 

A Coligação de Internacional de Sítios de Consciência é a única rede global de locais históricos, museus e iniciativas de memorial que ligam as lutas do passado com os movimentos de direitos humanos e justiça social de hoje. 

Esta  rede de pessoas,  Sítios e iniciativas que ativam o poder dos lugares de memória para engajar o público na conexão do passado e do presente, a fim de precaver e moldar um futuro mais justo e humano.”

Quem não conhece o passado está sujeito a repeti-lo. 

https://www.sitesofconscience.org/pt/sobre-nos/

https://www.facebook.com/SitesofConscience

VER Gernika Gogoratuz é um Centro de Pesquisa para a Paz (Spain)

Gernika Gogoratuz é um Centro de Pesquisa para a Paz criada em 1987, por decisão unânime do Parlamento Basco , coincidindo com o 50 º aniversário do bombardeio de Guernica

Gernika Gogoratuz es un Centro de Investigación por la Paz (España)

Gernika Gogoratuz es un Centro de Investigación por la Paz creado en 1987 por decisión unánime del parlamento vasco, coincidiendo con el 50 aniversario del bombardeo de Gernika. El Centro realiza actividades de fomento de la paz en las áreas de investigación, capacitación, difusión de información y participación cívica con el fin de fortalecer las redes de fomento de la paz y hacer Gernika una referencia global sobre la paz. El Centro de Investigación de la Paz es apoyado por la Fundación Gernika Gogoratuz, que consiste de la municipalidad de Gernika-Lumo, las ramas de la Cultura del Gobierno Vasco, Justicia, Educación, Universidades e Investigación, la Universidad del País Vasco, Universidad de Deusto, la Universidad de Mondragón y la Asociación Gernika Gogoratuz, la cual gestiona las actividades del Centro y garantiza su independencia.

Gernika Gogoratuz es un Centro de Investigación por la Paz (España)

Calle de Artekalea
48300 Gernika-Lumo BI Spain

Url: https://www.gernikagogoratuz.org

IHRA - A world without genocide

•  Se
• A world that remembers the Holocaust. 

A world without genocide.

The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance unites governments and experts to strengthen, advance and promote Holocaust education, research and remembrance and to uphold the commitments that are in enshrined in the 2000 Stockholm Declaration.

Description of Tasks and Responsibilities of the Deputy Executive Secretary
The Deputy Executive Secretary (Deputy) reports directly to the Executive Secretary of the IHRA Permanent Office (PO), as do the Program Officers and the Communication Officer. The Deputy also represents the organization as a whole in cases where the Executive Secretary is unavailable.

The position requires a high degree of professional autonomy, engagement and initiative.

The tasks of the Deputy include (yet are not necessarily limited to):

1. Shared responsibilities with Executive Secretary according to the IHRA’s organizational framework:
   • Advice and support for Chairmanships, Honorary Chairman, Advisor to the IHRA and Member Country delegations
   • Representation of the IHRA
   • Legal matters (oversight / coordination)
   • Special projects
2. Support of Executive Secretary in change management:
   • Implementation and further development of organizational changes (pertaining to strategy, structure, and evaluation and monitoring)
3. Liaising with the Permanent International Partners
4. Responsibility for membership process of candidate countries (Observer and Liaison Countries)
5. Coordination of Country Reporting
6. Overall management of the IHRA budgets, including the annual audits
7. Overall management of PO administration
   • Contract management
   • HR administration
   • IT management
8. Supervision of Executive Assistant and other support staff
9. Management of the IHRA Support Association (Verein zur Förderung der International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance e.V.)
10. Support for Chairmanships regarding Plenary infrastructure (including site visits) and handover

Requirements

Applicants for the position of Deputy Executive Secretary should meet the following requirements:

1. Prior job experience in comparable position(s), especially managerial competence
2. Prior job experience in international organization(s), especially within challenging political contexts (multi-cultural, multi-continent, multi-religious)
3. Proven knowledge about global political developments, particularly with regard to Europe and the Americas as well as relevant international organizations
4. High proficiency in German (business fluent, oral and written)
5. High proficiency in English (business fluent, oral and written)
6. Necessary: Willingness to foster and advance the work of the organization, fueled by a strong personal interest in Holocaust education, remembrance and research
7. Excellent diplomatic, social and communication skills, empathy but also stamina and the ability to argue convincingly in challenging circumstances
8. Willingness to engage in extensive and regular business travel, sometimes on short notice (biannual Plenary meetings, visiting Member and Observer Countries, liaising with Permanent International Partner organizations, attending commemoration events, etc.)
9. Ability to cope with a high workload (permanent) and proven resilience to stress
10. Ability to produce excellent results under time pressure
11. Ability to think and act tactically as well as strategically, and to keep the bigger picture in mind
12. Integrity and discretion
13. Willingness to work long hours whenever required, especially during the preparation periods for the biannual Plenary meetings
14. High cross-cultural sensitivity
15. Experience in budgeting / accounting / controlling
16. Experience in Office 365 / SharePoint

Contract Details:

1. Type of employment:                    Full time (40 h per week)
2. Point of contact:                            Dr. Kathrin Meyer (IHRA Executive Secretary)
3. Address:                                        Friedrichstraße 200, 10117 Berlin
4. Start date:                                      1 October 2018
5. Application due date:                    5 July 2018
6. Location of employment:              IHRA Permanent Office, Berlin, Germany (extensive business travel required, as described above)
7. Required documents (in English): 
   • a) Letter of motivation and CV (should include salary expectations and earliest start date)            
   • b) University and other educational certificates / degrees 
   • c) Letters of recommendation from relevant prior positions

 Please collate all of your documents into one pdf-document and send it exclusively via e-mail to: recruitment@holocaustremembrance.com (to the attention of the IHRA Executive Secretary)

https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/

Os limites da obediencia em artigo académico

A ética e os limites da obediência são examinados em vários trabalhos dos professores Miguel Pina e Cunha da Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Cunha, Miguel PE; Rego, Armenio; and Clegg, Stewart R. (2010). Obedience and evil from Milgram and Kampuchea to normal organizations. 
Journal of Business Ethics, 97 (2), 291-309.

Summary: Stanley Milgram, the famous experimental social psychologist, shocked the world with theory. Another man, Pol Pot, shocked the world with genocide, in the process showing how far obedience could go in human societies.
Milgram conducted his experiments in the controlled environment of the US psychology laboratory of the 1960s. Pol Pot experimented with Utopia in the totalitarian genocidal Kampuchea of the 1970s.
We discuss the process through which the Khmer Rouge regime created an army of unquestioningly obedient soldiers – child soldiers included, children of the revolution.
Based on these two cases we advance a framework on how obedience can be grown or countered. Submitted by: Miguel Pina E. Cunha, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: mpc@fe.unl.pt Subject descriptors: Obedience to authority, Cambodian genocide, Milgram, Stanley

 VER  http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/portals/0/docs/bibliography_issue_6.pdf 

Dia Mundial do Refugiado 20-Junho

World Refugee Day 2014

World Refugee Day is held every year on June 20. It is a special day when the world takes time to recognize the resilience of forcibly displaced people throughout the world.

For World Refugee Day 2014, we will continue our global "1 Campaign", keeping with the theme: "1 family torn apart by war is too many".

Dia Mundial do Refugiado é comemorado todos os anos a20 de junho.  É  um dia especial em que o mundo pausa para  reconhecer a capacidade de resistência das pessoas deslocadas à  força em todo o mundo. 

No Dia Mundial do Refugiado de 2014, vamos continuar a nossa global "Campanha 1", mantendo-se com o tema: "1 família dilacerada pela guerra é demais".  Mais de metade dos refugiados de hoje são crianças. 

O Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados (ACNUR) é uma organização humanitária imparcial, apolítica mandatada pelas Nações Unidas para proteger os refugiados e buscar formas de ajudá-los a recomeçar suas vidas. A actividade do ACNUR está centrada em três áreas fundamentais: a protecção jurídica, de reinstalação e de informação pública.

Fonte: http://unhcr.org.au/unhcr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=216&Itemid=103

Hard to believe genocide in our times

(ler em português abixo)
You can see the movie and you can read the book, but it is still hard to believe that neighbors would take to their neighbors and dismember them with machetes on the eve of the XXI Century.  With few foreign eyewitnesses (only two foreign journalists in the country at the time),  and only one working fax telephone line, the reports of the widespread killings in Rwanda must have  seemed incredible in Washington, Brussels, Paris, London, or even in nearby Nairobi.  That maybe why the bloody ethnic cleansing lasted so long, from April to June 1994,  and the organized genocide took so many lives,  over 500.000 members of the Tutsi minority, many of whose names where on a death list or were denounced by their appearance or the ethnic label on their official identity card when stopped at a road block manned by members the Hutu majority. Because of this, Rwanda will be remembered as no ordinary civil war, if there is such a thing.

Fortunately, such events are far from our ordinary lives, and seldom become the order of the day.
But, will we recognize,  and stand up to, evil when we see it? 

Some extra(ordiniary) people did, and the story of one such man, Paul Rusesabagina, the local assistant manager of an international hotel chain.  His autobiography makes riveting reading when you are a minority of one, sitting amid an ethnic multiplicity in an African airport, safely inside the security checkpoint where they've taken away the smallest nail clippers and slightly large bottles of water.

That one Ordinary Man was willing and  able to build and maintain such a security perimeter around 1238 lives reminds us once again of the power of one when he says:  

"I did what I believed to be the ordinary things that an ordinary man would do.  I said no to outrageous actions the way I thought anybody would, and it still mistifies me that so many others could say yes.  

When the killing season should next begin and people should become strangers to their neighbors and to themselves, my hope is that there will still be those ordinary men who a a quite NO and open the room upstairs."

The movie    Hotel Rwanda, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395169/ with Don Cheadle and Sophie Okonedo, directed by Terry George
The book   "An Ordinary Man" by Paul Rusesabagina with Tom Zoellner, 2006
http://us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/ordinary_man.html

See also, learning about genocide and its prevention http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/lesson.cfm


Pode-se ver o filme e pode-se ler o livro, mas ainda assim é difícil acreditar que vizinhos se virassem contra vizinhos, a desmembrá-los com machetes, na véspera do século XXI. Com poucas testemunhas estrangeiras (apenas dois jornalistas estrangeiros no país na época) e apenas uma linha de fax a funcionar, os relatórios dos assassinatos generalizados em Ruanda deve ter parecido incríveis em Washington, Bruxelas, Paris, Londres, ou mesmo na vizinha Nairobi. Talvez por isso, a limpeza étnica sangrenta tenha durado tanto tempo, de abril a junho de 1994, um acto de genocídio organizado que ceifou tantas vidas, mais de 500.000 membros da minoria Tutsi, muitos de cujos nomes constavam de uma lista de morte ou foram denunciados por sua aparência ou pelo rótulo étnico no seu cartão de identidade oficial, quando eram abordados nas operações stop por membros da maioria Hutu. Devido a isso, Ruanda será lembrado como uma guerra civil fora do ordinário, se é que existe tal coisa.

Felizmente, tais eventos estão longe de nossas vidas comuns.
Mas, será que seremos capazes de reconhecer, e de enfrentar, o mal se algum dia o vemos?

Algumas pessoas extra(ordiniárias) fazeram-no.  Ler a autobiografia de um homem, Paul Rusesabagina, o sub-gerente local de uma cadeia internacional de hotéis, torna-se impressionante quando você é uma minoria de um, sentado em meio a uma multitude de etnias num qualquer aeroporto em Africa, do lado certo do posto de segurança onde nos tiraram os mais pequenos corta-unhas e garrafas de água ligeiramente grandes.

Que um homem ordinário tenha estado disposto e capaz de construir e manter um tal perímetro de segurança em torno de 1238 vidas,  lembra-nos mais uma vez do poder de uma pessoa só, quando ele diz:
"Eu fiz o que acreditava serem as coisas normais que um homem comum faria. Eu disse não às acções ultrajantes, do jeito que eu pensei que alguém faria, e   ainda acha um mistério como é que tantas outras pessoas tenham podido dizer sim.

Da próxima vez que volte a começar uma época de matança e as que pessoas se tornem estranhos para os seus vizinhos e para si próprios, a minha esperança é que ainda haja aqueles homens comuns que digam não e que abram o quarto de cima."

O filme Hotel Ruanda, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395169/  com Don Cheadle e Sophie Okonedo, dirigido por Terry George
O livro "Um Homem Comum", de Paul Rusesabagina com Tom Zoellner, 2006 http://us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/ordinary_man.html 

Once Brothers - a real story of the Yugoslavian conflict

30 for 30: Once Brothers – ESPN’s Stab at the Genocide Discussion

Posted on January 20, 2012 

ESPN’s 30 for 30: Once Brothers featuring former European basketball stars Drazen Petrovic and Vlade Divac is a film deserving its own category among genocide-related works

. Typical genocide films exhibit striking, often recurring themes in cinematography from the imagery, soundtrack and colors to the dialogue, camera angles and lighting. Once Brothers is completely unique, not only from a cinematographic standpoint but from the core of the story itself and the focus on the sport of basketball more so than the focus on the conflict surrounding Yugoslavia.

Claiming that Once Brothers is a film focused on the Yugoslavian/Serbian genocide is a stretch. The conflict between Croatians and Serbs is the backbone for the hurt friendship between Petrovic and Divac. The film focuses on the team, friendship and family relationships more than anything else, and this is what draws in the viewer, not only the story of the the genocide. Regardless of how many others were in Petrovic and Divac’s cross-cultural circumstances, their story is amazing. ESPN captured a powerful story in history that just happened to be draped over a horrible incident in Yugoslavia.

Once Brothers’ place in the genocide context is unique. Few films focus on things besides the brute horror of Auschwitz-style imagery and mass slaughter. Not only does the film uncover how American basketball changed as a result of Petrovic and Divac’s acceptance in the NBA, it also delves into a war which hid yet another genocide of the 20^th century. Notice, though, that recency is a key reason why the film is so powerful.

ESPN’s 30 for 30 episode is unique compared to Holocaust-aged stories because of the fact that the Yugoslavian conflict took place less than 20 years ago. Even kids in their late teens could be survivors of the genocide; It’s so recent. This is not the case with the Holocaust, and each year the number of remaining survivors dwindles. The death toll in the Yugoslavian genocide is much, much lower than that in the Holocaust, but this does not negate the fact that it is still hugely important to study, learn from and remember. Divac was able to grow up in generally peaceful times, see his homeland battered in a civil war, and is now able to visit the US, Croatia and his home in relative peace (Though people still remember his flag incident).

What is also unique about Once Brothers is its specific emotional draw. The viewer feels sympathy in the fact that Divac’s relationship with his long-time friend Petrovic had to end, and was left on such a sour note. The viewer also feels the bittersweet joy that Divac experiences when speaking with Petrovic’s parents and visiting Petrovic’s grave. Genocide films like Schindler’s List, The Last Train and Killing Fields evoke emotions from the viewer in a different way. Emotions are tested in these films by intense imagery, carefully scripted dialogue, and other precise cinematic techniques. While Once Brothers certainly utilizes its own set of cinematic techniques, it does so to evoke a specific emotional reaction from the viewer, one that’s highly relatable.

30 for 30: Once Brothers follows a few key characters, all of which are real people. Scripted scenes, if any, are minimal. Most footage included in the documentary is of interviews and newsreels and old ESPN broadcasts. While the producer was able to piece together footage just how he wanted, it is still very different than other genocide films. Genocide films typically employ actors to recreate the past, and the directors and producers must visualize everything before it happens, make any adjustments necessary in the script, and carefully adjust and implement different visual and audio elements to get a desired effect. The story of Petrovic and Divac is real, and this is something ESPN didn’t have to recreate. It was right in front of them. Everything was in front of them.

Source: http://millersam.com/2012/01/20/30-for-30-once-brothers-espns-stab-at-the-genocide-discussion/#more-689

Tribunal Internacional condena genocídio na Bósnia

Sete altos oficiais do exército e da polícia sérvio-bósnia foram condenados a 10-Junho-2010 pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional para a ex-Jugoslávia (TPI), devido à sua responsabilidade directa no massacre em 1995 contra os bósnios muçulmanos durante a captura dos enclaves de Srebrenica e Zepa, na Bósnia-Herzegovina. Este foi o maior julgamento do TPI na Haia, Holanda, desde a sua criação, em 1993.
Vujadin Papovic e Ljubisa Beara foram acusados de genocídio e condenados a prisão perpétua. Os restantes cinco réus receberam penas que variam entre cinco e 35 anos de prisão.
Genocídio. O tribunal determinou que os ataques sistemáticos contra civis muçulmanos começaram após uma ordem do "Comando Supremo" do auto-proclamado presidente sérvio-bósnio, Radovan Karadzic. Ele está actualmente a ser julgado em Haia, na Holanda.

Os dois enclaves, protegidos pelo Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, caíram nas mãos do exército sérvio-bósnio em Julho de 1995. Cerca de 7 mil bósnios muçulmanos foram mortos num massacre que ocorreu após a captura dos dois territórios.

Definição de genocídio, também conhecido por limpeza étnica de um território contestado:

No Brasil a Lei no.2.889, de 1 de outubro de 1956, define o crime de genocídio e dá suas penas. É considerado crime de genocídio:
Art. 1º Quem, com a intenção de destruir, no todo ou em parte, grupo nacional, étnico, racial ou religioso, como tal:
a) Matar membros do grupo;
b) Causar lesão leve à integridade racial ou física de membros da dupla;
c) Submeter intencionalmente o grupo a condições de existência capazes de ocasionar-lhe a destruição física total ou parcial;
d) Adotar medidas destinadas a impedir os nascimentos no seio do grupo;
e) Efetuar a transferência forçada de crianças do grupo para outro grupo;

Fontes: Radio ONU ; JN, wikipedia.pt; Globo ; tvi24.pt; pt.euronews.net